Mise-en-scène is a French term that originated in the theatre which bascially means scene. It refers to the arrangement of everything that appears in the framing. This includes:
- Lighting
- Costumes
- Composition
- Sound-includes diagetic (real) and non-diagetic (not real).
- Location
- Props
- Set design
- An important element of "putting in the scene" is set design—the setting of a scene and the objects (props) there in. Set design can be used to amplify character emotion or the dominant mood of a film, or to establish aspects of the character.
- Lighting
- The intensity, direction, and quality of lighting have a profound effect on the way an image is perceived. Light (and shade) can emphasise texture, shape, distance, mood, time of day or night, season, glamour; it affects the way colors are rendered, both in terms of hue and depth, and can focus attention on particular elements of the composition.
- Space
- The representation of space affects the reading of a film. Depth, proximity, size and proportions of the places and objects in a film can be manipulated through camera placement and lenses, lighting, set design, effectively determining mood or relationships between elements in the story world.
- Costume
- Costume simply refers to the clothes that characters wear. Using certain colors or designs, costumes in narrative cinema are used to signify characters or to make clear distinctions between characters.
- Acting
- There is enormous historical and cultural variation in performance styles in the cinema. Early melodramatic styles, clearly indebted to the 19th century theater, gave way in Western cinema to a relatively naturalistic style.
Camera shots:
- Close-up:
- The close-up shot is used to reveal detail and focuses on the head and shoulders. It is mainly used to show a reaction of a subject.
- Extreme close-up:
- This shot is used to reveal very small details in the scene.

Over the shoulder shot:
This shot reveals one suject seen from the shoulder of another subject. it stimualates a view of the subject as seen from the second persons eyes. This shot is often used in a scene where there is conversation between two or more people.

Two shot:
Two shots are composed when two people are in the same scene and it shows the interaction between them which is important. It is a good way of introducing a conversation.

Long Shot:
This shot is mainly used to show someone walking or moving.

Medium shot:
A medium shot is from the waist to the head. This shot can be used to show upper body or hand movement.
Camera movement;
- Tilt: Camera tilts in sync with a moving object
- Pan: goes from one object or subject of interest to another
- Zoom: pulls in or out to reveal information
- Dolly: is a long continuous shot which requires the camera and operator to move physiclly on a cart to complete the full range of motion
Camera angles:

High angle:
The camera is placed above the subject anf tilted to look down on the subject. This type of shot is sometimes called a birds eye view. you can use it to create a sense of smallness in the subject or to show thata the audience has a sense of looking over the subjects from a superiror position.

Low angle:
This shot shows the audience a view looking up at the subject. The camera is placed on the ground or floor and tilted to look up. A low angle shot, or worms eye view, can be used to make a subject look bigger than it is.
Continuity: it is the process of cutting shots to to keep the flow of the shot together as fluidly as possible, npt showing thw whole footage. The continuity of a film refers to the sequential development and consistency of the story line and images. For example when a scene requires alot shots on different days the continuity of the story must be maintained.
Narrative: a narrative is a story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of speech, writing, song, film, television programmes, video games, in photography or theatre) that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events. Narrative is another term used for story.
A narrative can also be told by a character within a larger narrative. An important part of narration is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process called narration.
Continuity: it is the process of cutting shots to to keep the flow of the shot together as fluidly as possible, npt showing thw whole footage. The continuity of a film refers to the sequential development and consistency of the story line and images. For example when a scene requires alot shots on different days the continuity of the story must be maintained.
Narrative: a narrative is a story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of speech, writing, song, film, television programmes, video games, in photography or theatre) that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events. Narrative is another term used for story.
A narrative can also be told by a character within a larger narrative. An important part of narration is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process called narration.
Representation: refers to the construction in any medium (especially the mass media) of aspects of 'reality' such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other abstract concepts. such represenations may be used in speech or writing as well as still or moving pictures.
The term refers to the processes involved as well as its products. For instance, in relation to the key markers of identity, class, age, gender and ethinicity.
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